KNEE PAIN
The knee is one of the body's hardest working joints, and when it's not functioning well, it can impact just about everything — from walking and climbing stairs to sport and exercise. Whether you're dealing with a ligament strain, runner's knee, osteoarthritis, or pain that's developed over time without an obvious cause, the team at Dingley Health Hub will assess the whole picture — including how your hip, ankle, and posture may be contributing. Our osteopaths and remedial massage therapists will use hands-on treatment and tailored exercises to reduce pain, improve stability, and get you back to doing what you enjoy.
Common Knee Conditions
Knee osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions worldwide, involving the gradual breakdown of articular cartilage within the knee joint, accompanied by subchondral bone changes, osteophyte formation and joint space narrowing. It is strongly associated with previous knee injury (particularly ACL tears and meniscal injuries), obesity, occupational kneeling and manual labour, and a family history of osteoarthritis. The medial compartment — the inner side of the knee — is most commonly affected, often producing the characteristic bow-legged (varus) deformity in advanced cases. While knee OA is a progressive condition, pain, stiffness and function can be substantially improved with exercise therapy and manual care, and many patients avoid or significantly delay joint replacement surgery with the right management approach.
Symptoms include:
Knee pain that worsens with weight-bearing activities — walking, climbing and descending stairs, squatting and rising from a seated position. Morning stiffness or stiffness after prolonged rest that typically resolves within 30 minutes of gentle activity. Bony joint enlargement and tenderness along the joint line on palpation. An audible or palpable grinding sensation (crepitus) with knee flexion and extension. Progressive reduction in range of motion — particularly flexion — making activities like kneeling and squatting increasingly difficult. A varus (bow-legged) deformity in severe medial compartment OA. Occasional joint swelling after activity.
How we treat it:
Evidence strongly and consistently supports exercise therapy and manual therapy as the primary treatments for knee osteoarthritis — far superior to passive treatments and rest alone. We apply GLA:D (Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark) program principles, combining patient education about the neuroscience of OA pain with neuromuscular training and progressive strengthening. Quadriceps strengthening is the single most important exercise intervention for knee OA, as the quadriceps is the primary load-absorbing muscle of the knee joint — weakness here is one of the strongest predictors of pain and functional decline. Hip abductor strengthening improves lower limb alignment and reduces valgus knee loading. Joint mobilisation reduces arthritic stiffness and allows patients to exercise more comfortably. Patellar taping and valgus unloader knee bracing provide meaningful short-term pain relief during rehabilitation. We support pre-operative optimisation for patients planning total knee replacement — building the strength before surgery that predicts better post-surgical outcomes — and deliver comprehensive, structured post-surgical rehabilitation. Weight management support is coordinated with our dietitian where relevant, as every kilogram of body weight reduction produces approximately four kilograms of reduced knee joint load.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner's knee)
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) — commonly known as runner's knee — is the most common knee complaint in active individuals under 40, particularly affecting runners, cyclists, hikers and people who perform high volumes of squatting or stair climbing. It arises from excessive or maldistributed compressive and shear stress between the patella (kneecap) and the trochlear groove of the femur. Contributing factors include training load errors (doing too much too soon), hip abductor and external rotator weakness that causes the knee to collapse inward (dynamic knee valgus) during loading activities, foot pronation, tight lateral structures, and poor patellar tracking. It is a clinical diagnosis made on symptom location and provocation — imaging is rarely needed or helpful.
Symptoms include:
Anterior knee pain — felt diffusely around or behind the kneecap — that is worsened by running, cycling, squatting, lunging, climbing or descending stairs, and prolonged sitting with the knees bent. The "theatre sign" — pain that develops during prolonged sitting with knees flexed (in a cinema, car or at a desk) and is relieved by straightening the leg — is a characteristic and reliable symptom. A positive Clarke's test (compression of the patella with knee extension against resistance) and patellar compression test on clinical examination. Symptoms that are clearly activity-related and typically absent at complete rest.
How we treat it:
Hip abductor and external rotator strengthening is the most evidence-supported intervention for PFPS, addressing the proximal contribution to dynamic knee valgus and patellar malalignment that drives the excessive patellofemoral stress. The hip — not the knee — is often where the most impactful treatment happens. McConnell patellar taping, applied to the patella to correct its tracking direction, provides immediate and meaningful pain relief that allows patients to exercise more comfortably during rehabilitation. Foot orthoses are incorporated for patients with significant rearfoot pronation that is contributing to excessive tibial internal rotation and patellar malalignment. Running load reduction — reducing weekly kilometres and eliminating the most provocative sessions (hills, intervals, long runs) temporarily — allows the patellofemoral joint to settle. Running gait retraining, including increasing step rate (cadence) and reducing contralateral pelvic drop on the affected side, directly modifies the mechanical forces driving the condition. Most cases of PFPS resolve fully with 6–10 weeks of consistent, targeted management.
Knee meniscus injury
The medial and lateral menisci are C-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage that sit between the femur and tibia, providing shock absorption, load distribution across the articular cartilage, secondary joint stability and lubrication. Acute traumatic meniscal tears occur through sudden twisting or squatting under load during sport — particularly contact sports, football codes and skiing. Degenerative meniscal tears occur gradually in older adults as the fibrocartilage weakens with age and are frequently found on MRI in people over 45 with knee pain, often without a specific injury event. The location of the tear (anterior, body or posterior horn), its pattern (radial, longitudinal, bucket-handle, flap or root) and its vascularity (red zone, red-white zone or white zone) all influence healing potential and the choice between conservative and surgical management.
Symptoms include:
Joint line tenderness on palpation of the medial or lateral knee joint line — the most consistent clinical finding. Pain with deep knee flexion, pivoting and twisting activities. Swelling that develops within 24 hours of an acute injury, or intermittent swelling with activity in chronic cases. A catching, clunking or locking sensation with specific movements — particularly locking of the knee (inability to straighten the leg) in bucket-handle tears. A positive McMurray's test or Thessaly test on clinical examination, which loads and rotates the knee to reproduce joint line pain.
How we treat it:
Landmark research has fundamentally changed the management of meniscal tears, particularly for the large population of middle-aged and older adults with degenerative tears. Multiple high-quality randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that exercise-based conservative rehabilitation produces outcomes equivalent to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy at 2–5 years follow-up for degenerative tears — meaning surgery offers no advantage over well-delivered physiotherapy for the majority of these cases. Our conservative rehabilitation program focuses on progressive quadriceps, hamstring and hip strengthening combined with neuromuscular control and proprioception exercises, systematically restoring the functional stability that the damaged meniscus can no longer fully provide. For acute traumatic tears in young, active individuals — particularly bucket-handle tears causing locking, or posterior root tears at high risk of OA progression — we co-manage with orthopaedic surgeons to determine whether surgical meniscal repair or meniscectomy is in the patient's best long-term interest.
Knee ligament sprains and tears
The knee is stabilised by four major ligaments — the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) — each of which can be sprained or torn during sport and physical activity. ACL tears are the most clinically significant knee ligament injury, affecting approximately 3,000 Australians per year, predominantly in pivoting and contact sports including netball, AFL, soccer and basketball. MCL sprains are the most common knee ligament injury overall, typically occurring from a valgus (inward) force to the knee. Management decisions — whether to pursue conservative rehabilitation or surgical reconstruction — depend on the ligament involved, the severity of the injury, the patient's age, activity goals and the presence of concomitant injuries to other structures.
Symptoms include:A clearly audible or felt "pop" or "crack" at the moment of the injury (ACL). Rapid, significant swelling of the entire knee within 1–2 hours of injury due to haemarthrosis — blood collecting in the joint (ACL, PCL). A sense of the knee giving way or feeling unstable during direction changes, pivoting or landing (ACL). For MCL sprains: medial (inner) knee pain and tenderness, pain with valgus stress and difficulty with side-stepping and pivoting activities. For PCL injuries: posterior knee pain and a feeling of the tibia sagging backwards.
How we treat it:Isolated MCL Grade I and Grade II sprains are managed entirely conservatively with progressive quadriceps and hip strengthening, graduated return to lateral movement and sport over 4–8 weeks. ACL tears in young, active individuals who wish to return to pivoting and cutting sports typically require surgical reconstruction followed by a structured 9–12 month rehabilitation program — we provide the complete rehabilitation journey from pre-operative prehabilitation (building the strength and range of motion before surgery that significantly predicts post-surgical outcomes) through to evidence-based return-to-sport criteria testing. Our ACL return-to-sport assessment includes limb symmetry testing of quadriceps and hamstring strength (using hand-held dynamometry), a hop test battery (single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover hop, triple crossover hop) and psychological readiness assessment — because all three elements must be met before a safe return to sport is cleared. PCL and LCL injuries are co-managed with orthopaedic surgeons based on the degree of instability and concomitant injuries.
Knee bursitis
Several bursae — fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between structures — surround the knee joint and can become inflamed through direct trauma, repetitive pressure or overuse. The three most commonly affected at Dingley Health Hub are: prepatellar bursitis ("housemaid's knee"), which develops from prolonged or repetitive direct pressure on the front of the kneecap (common in carpet layers, tilers, gardeners and plumbers); infrapatellar bursitis, which affects the bursa just below the kneecap; and pes anserine bursitis, which affects the medial (inner) knee below the joint line and is common in patients with knee osteoarthritis, overweight individuals and swimmers. As with elbow bursitis, septic (infected) bursitis — characterised by rapid-onset severe pain, significant warmth, erythema and systemic symptoms — requires urgent medical review and should not be treated with manual therapy.
Symptoms include:
Prepatellar bursitis: visible, fluctuant swelling directly over the front of the kneecap, localised tenderness on pressure, pain with full knee flexion as the bursa is compressed, but often surprisingly little pain with walking or standing. Pes anserine bursitis: pain and tenderness on the inner side of the knee approximately 5 cm below the joint line, worsening with prolonged sitting, walking upstairs and after exercise — commonly mistaken for medial compartment OA pain. Infrapatellar bursitis: tenderness and swelling just below the patella, provoked by kneeling and repetitive stair climbing.
How we treat it:
Non-septic knee bursitis is managed conservatively with compression bandaging to control fluid accumulation, ice therapy to reduce acute inflammation, and activity modification to avoid the specific loading pattern that is provoking the bursa. Protective knee padding recommendations are provided for patients whose occupation requires prolonged kneeling. Addressing the underlying driver of the bursitis is essential to prevent recurrence — for pes anserine bursitis this typically means treating the associated knee OA and correcting lower limb biomechanics (particularly excessive tibial valgus and tight hamstrings); for prepatellar bursitis this means occupational padding and kneeling technique modification. GP co-management for aspiration and corticosteroid injection into the bursa is coordinated when the collection is large, causing significant functional limitation, or failing to respond to conservative management within 4–6 weeks.
Patellar tendinopathy
Patellar tendinopathy — commonly known as jumper's knee — involves degenerative structural change in the patellar tendon, most commonly at its proximal insertion on the inferior pole of the patella. It is one of the most prevalent overuse injuries in sports that involve repeated high-load jumping, landing and sprinting — including basketball, volleyball, athletics (high jump, triple jump, sprinting), AFL and netball. Like all tendinopathies, it represents a failure of tendon adaptation to the cumulative mechanical demand being placed on it, resulting in progressive tendon degeneration rather than an inflammatory process. This distinction is clinically important: rest and anti-inflammatory medications will not drive tendon remodelling and are therefore insufficient as standalone treatments.
Symptoms include:
Anterior knee pain that is precisely and consistently localised to the inferior patellar pole — the bony point at the bottom of the kneecap — distinguishing it from the more diffuse peripatellar pain of PFPS. A characteristic "warm-up effect" where pain is present at the start of a training session, decreases or disappears once the tendon has warmed up, and then returns after the session — particularly the morning after a heavy loading day. Pain with jumping, landing, deep squatting and rapid deceleration. Tenderness on direct palpation of the inferior patellar pole. In the reactive (acute overload) phase, the tendon may appear visibly thickened on ultrasound.
How we treat it:
Heavy slow resistance (HSR) training is the best-evidenced rehabilitation approach for patellar tendinopathy and forms the backbone of our treatment program. In the early reactive phase, isometric quadriceps exercises — sustained knee extension holds at 60–70 degrees of flexion — provide reliable pain relief through cortical inhibition and maintain tendon stimulus without provocative dynamic loading. As tendon tolerance improves, we progressively advance to isotonic exercises including decline squats (a gold standard exercise for patellar tendinopathy that maximally loads the tendon in a controlled manner) and leg press. Shockwave therapy is incorporated for chronic or recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy where the tendon has lost its capacity for spontaneous remodelling — it is highly effective at stimulating repair in degenerative tendon tissue. Training load management is a parallel and essential component, identifying and modifying the volume and intensity of jumping and sprinting that are overloading the tendon. We use the VISA-P questionnaire (a validated patellar tendinopathy severity score) to track progress objectively and guide return-to-sport decisions based on functional capacity rather than time alone.
IT band syndrome (iliotibial band syndrome)
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the most common running injuries, accounting for up to 12% of all running-related complaints. Contemporary research has clarified that the mechanism involves compression of the highly innervated fat pad that lies deep to the IT band against the lateral femoral epicondyle at approximately 30 degrees of knee flexion during the stance phase of running — not friction from the IT band rubbing over the epicondyle as was historically described. This distinction matters because it changes how treatment is directed. ITBS is strongly associated with weekly running mileage increases, downhill running, hip abductor weakness leading to excessive hip adduction during stance, and a crossover running gait where the foot lands across the body's midline — all of which increase the compressive force on the lateral knee fat pad.
Symptoms include:
A sharp, burning or stinging pain on the outer side of the knee — over the lateral femoral epicondyle — that is characteristically absent at rest and at the start of a run, but develops consistently at the same distance or time point into a run and escalates rapidly, often forcing the runner to stop completely. Tenderness on palpation over the lateral femoral epicondyle. Pain that is reproducible with the Noble compression test — pressing on the lateral femoral epicondyle at 30 degrees of knee flexion. Unlike most knee pain presentations, ITBS is very specifically a running-related condition — activities such as cycling, swimming and walking typically do not provoke it.
How we treat it:
Hip abductor and external rotator strengthening is the most important and impactful rehabilitation component, addressing the proximal cause of increased hip adduction and internal rotation during running that drives lateral knee compression. Gluteus medius and minimus strengthening — progressed from side-lying abduction exercises to standing and single-leg functional tasks — produces reliable and lasting improvement. Running gait retraining is equally important: increasing running cadence by 5–10% reduces peak hip adduction, while cueing the runner to avoid the crossover gait pattern (landing the foot across the midline) directly reduces lateral knee compression. TFL and hip flexor soft tissue therapy and foam rolling addresses local tightness contributing to lateral tension. A structured running load reduction — temporarily reducing weekly mileage and avoiding hill running and interval sessions — allows the lateral knee fat pad to settle during the acute phase. The majority of runners with ITBS achieve full, symptom-free return to running within 4–8 weeks with this approach.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is an apophysitis — a traction injury to a growth plate — at the tibial tubercle, the bony prominence on the front of the upper shin where the patellar tendon inserts. During periods of rapid adolescent skeletal growth, the tibial tubercle apophysis is significantly weaker and more vulnerable than the mature bone it will eventually become. The powerful quadriceps muscle, contracting forcefully during running and jumping, pulls on the patellar tendon which in turn applies traction stress to the apophysis — causing pain, local inflammation and, in some cases, a visible and persistent bony enlargement at the tubercle. OSD is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in active adolescents aged 10–15, is more common in boys than girls, and affects both knees in approximately 30% of cases. It is a self-limiting condition that fully resolves with skeletal maturity when the apophysis fuses to the underlying tibia — though the bony enlargement at the tubercle may remain permanently.
Symptoms include:
Anterior knee pain localised to the tibial tubercle — the bony bump just below the kneecap — that is tender to direct touch and characteristically worsened by running, jumping, kneeling and any activity requiring powerful quadriceps contraction. A progressively enlarging bony prominence below the kneecap that becomes visible and palpable. Pain that builds with activity and eases with rest. In severe cases, pain severe enough to cause a limp after sport. Symptoms are typically more pronounced during growth spurts and during periods of increased sporting activity. The condition may affect one or both knees.
How we treat it:
Osgood-Schlatter disease is managed with intelligent load management — not complete rest. Complete cessation of all sport is rarely necessary or beneficial and produces significant negative effects on a young person's physical, social and psychological development. Instead, we work with the athlete and their family to identify a tolerable level of activity that keeps symptoms manageable while maintaining participation, and build from there. Load management during acute flares involves reducing the volume and intensity of jumping and high-speed running — the most provocative activities — while maintaining lower-intensity training. Quadriceps and hamstring flexibility is systematically addressed, as tightness in these muscle groups directly increases the traction force on the tibial tubercle apophysis. A patellar tendon strap (worn just below the kneecap) disperses the patellar tendon's traction force before it reaches the apophysis, providing valuable symptom relief during sport participation. Ice applied to the tibial tubercle after activity reduces post-exercise soreness. We provide thorough, age-appropriate education to the athlete and their parents about the self-limiting nature of the condition — it will fully resolve — which significantly reduces the anxiety and overcautious activity restriction that can develop when the diagnosis is not clearly explained.
Frequently asked Questions
Can osteopathy help with knee pain?
Answer:
Yes. Osteopathy is effective for a wide range of knee conditions. Our osteopaths do not just examine the knee in isolation — we assess the full lower limb kinetic chain, including how hip strength, foot mechanics, ankle mobility and spinal posture are contributing to the forces at the knee joint. Treatment includes joint mobilisation to restore knee and surrounding joint movement, soft tissue therapy and dry needling to address overloaded muscles and tendons, progressive strengthening rehabilitation targeting the quadriceps, hip abductors and hamstrings, and shockwave therapy for patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy. Whether you have osteoarthritis, a sports injury, runner's knee or a post-surgical knee, we create a treatment plan tailored to your specific diagnosis, activity level and goals.
What is runner's knee and how is it treated?
Answer:
Runner's knee — the common name for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) — is the most common knee complaint in active individuals under 40. It occurs when the patella (kneecap) experiences excessive or maldistributed compressive stress against the trochlear groove of the femur during loading activities. The characteristic symptom is a diffuse aching pain around or behind the kneecap that worsens with running, squatting, stairs and prolonged sitting with the knees bent — the "theatre sign." Contrary to what the name suggests, the hip — not the knee — is where the most impactful treatment happens. Hip abductor and external rotator weakness causes the knee to collapse inward during loading (dynamic knee valgus), which is the primary driver of excessive patellofemoral stress. Strengthening the hip, combined with McConnell patellar taping and running gait retraining, resolves the majority of PFPS cases within 6–10 weeks.
Do I need surgery for a torn meniscus?
Answer:
Not necessarily — and for the majority of meniscal tears, particularly in adults over 35, the evidence is clear that surgery offers no meaningful advantage over well-delivered conservative rehabilitation. Multiple high-quality randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that exercise-based rehabilitation produces outcomes equivalent to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy at 2–5 year follow-up for degenerative tears. Conservative management with progressive quadriceps, hamstring and hip strengthening combined with neuromuscular control exercises systematically rebuilds the functional stability the torn meniscus can no longer provide. Surgical intervention is most appropriate for acute traumatic tears in young active individuals — particularly bucket-handle tears causing locking of the knee, or posterior root tears at high risk of accelerating OA progression. Our osteopaths will give you an honest assessment of whether surgery is likely to change your outcome.
How long does ACL rehabilitation take?
Answer:
ACL rehabilitation following surgical reconstruction is a 9–12 month process for most patients who wish to return to pivoting and cutting sports. Attempting to return earlier — even when the knee feels comfortable — significantly increases the risk of re-rupture, which has a higher rate of long-term complications than the original injury. At Dingley Health Hub we provide the complete ACL rehabilitation journey: pre-surgical prehabilitation to build the quadriceps and range of motion that predicts better post-surgical outcomes, then a staged rehabilitation program from early motion through to full strength, power and sport-specific function. Return to sport is cleared only when objective criteria are met — not when a time period has elapsed. These criteria include quadriceps and hamstring limb symmetry greater than 90% on hand-held dynamometry, passing the full hop test battery, and meeting psychological readiness criteria. All three must be achieved before we clear a return to competitive sport.
Can I still exercise with knee osteoarthritis?
Answer:
Yes — and exercise is arguably the single most important thing you can do for knee osteoarthritis. The evidence is unequivocal: regular, appropriately dosed exercise reduces knee OA pain, improves function, maintains cartilage health and slows functional decline. The quadriceps is the primary load-absorbing muscle for the knee joint — every kilogram of additional quadriceps strength meaningfully reduces the compressive load on the arthritic cartilage during walking and stair climbing. Low-impact activities including swimming, cycling and walking are generally well tolerated and beneficial. The key is having a program that is matched to your current capacity and progresses appropriately as your strength improves — not a generic exercise sheet. Our osteopaths design individualised knee OA programs tailored to your symptom severity, fitness level and lifestyle goals.
What is the difference between jumper's knee and runner's knee?
Answer:
Yes — Both are common overuse knee conditions but they affect different structures and different populations. Runner's knee (patellofemoral pain syndrome) produces diffuse pain around or behind the kneecap, is most common in runners and cyclists, and is driven by hip weakness and patellar malalignment. Jumper's knee (patellar tendinopathy) produces precise, localised pain at the inferior pole of the patella — the bony point at the bottom of the kneecap — and is most common in athletes who perform repeated high-load jumping and landing such as basketball, volleyball and AFL players. Another distinguishing feature is the warm-up effect: runner's knee pain is often constant during activity, whereas jumper's knee pain is typically worst at the start of a session, eases during warm-up, and returns after exercise. Treatment also differs significantly — jumper's knee requires progressive tendon loading and shockwave therapy, while runner's knee primarily requires hip strengthening and gait retraining.
Why does my knee hurt when I run but not when I walk?
Answer:
This pattern is the classic presentation of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) and is one of the most recognisable clinical histories in sport. ITBS pain is absent at rest and at the start of a run, then develops consistently at the same distance or time point into the run — typically 10–20 minutes — and escalates rapidly, often forcing a stop. The mechanism is compression of a highly innervated fat pad deep to the IT band against the lateral femoral epicondyle at approximately 30 degrees of knee flexion, which occurs repetitively during the stance phase of running but not during walking. The compressive force is greatly amplified by hip abductor weakness — allowing excessive hip adduction during running — and by a crossover gait where the foot lands across the body's midline. Hip strengthening and running gait retraining address these root causes effectively, with most runners returning to full running within 4–8 weeks.
My child has knee pain below the kneecap — could it be Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Answer:
Quite possibly. Osgood-Schlatter disease is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in active children and adolescents aged 10–15, and the location — directly over the tibial tubercle, the bony bump just below the kneecap — is very characteristic. The pain is tender to direct touch, worsens with running, jumping and kneeling, and often produces a gradually enlarging bony prominence that may remain permanently even after symptoms fully resolve. It is a self-limiting condition caused by traction on the growth plate from the powerful quadriceps during rapid skeletal growth, and it resolves completely with skeletal maturity. Complete rest is rarely necessary — intelligent load management, quadriceps flexibility work and a patellar tendon strap allow most young athletes to continue participating in sport throughout their recovery. We provide clear family education about the condition and its expected timeline at every appointment.
Should I use heat or ice for knee pain?
Answer:
The choice depends on the nature of the knee pain. For acute injuries — a fresh ligament sprain, a swollen knee after a knock or twist — ice applied for 15–20 minutes every 2 hours in the first 48–72 hours reduces swelling and pain. For chronic knee conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendinopathy and IT band syndrome, heat before activity warms the joint, improves tissue pliability and reduces stiffness, making exercise more comfortable and effective. Ice after activity can settle post-exercise soreness in both acute and chronic conditions. For knee bursitis with significant visible swelling, ice and compression bandaging are appropriate regardless of chronicity. If in doubt, your osteopath will advise you specifically on what is most appropriate for your condition.
Do I need a referral to see an osteopath for knee pain?
Answer:
No referral is needed. You can book directly online at dingleyhealthhub.au1.cliniko.com/bookings or by calling (03) 9551 7110. Same-week appointments are usually available. Osteopathy and remedial massage for knee pain are covered by most Australian private health insurance funds with appropriate extras cover — we have HICAPS on-site for on-the-spot claiming. WorkCover and TAC patients are welcome and managed with full documentation. If imaging such as X-ray, ultrasound or MRI is required following your assessment, we will advise you and coordinate this through your GP.